Gypsum

Gypsum is a wonderful multi-purpose garden applicant that is inexpensive, available through most nurseries, and is easy to apply to a garden. This mineral does not just benefit poor soil, it also benefits flowers and especially vegetable gardens. Gypsum is also called hydrated calcium sulfate, so it contains two elements vital to plant growth: calcium and sulfur. Below are some uses of gypsum for your garden:

1. Using gypsum to loosen clay soil. I had clay soil in my backyard in Connecticut. Gypsum can provide better soil drainage for your flowers and plants. If you have just moved to a new house and discover in your yard the soil is more like clay and you want to plant a garden, you can use granulated gypsum to condition the soil and make it more suitable for plants to grow in. Ideally, clay soil requires three years long for the soil to become more drainable from the gypsum application. This means that the granular gypsum only has to be applied to the garden area surface only once a year. If you already have a garden planted, or at least started where the soil is clay in texture (some plants do well in clay soil such as coneflowers, daylilies, and black-eyed Susans) and you want to modify the soil so you can plant flowers that require better drainage, you can still apply gypsum to the soil around the plants. Your flowers will love the calcium and sulfur i gypsum which benefits plant growth but you still have to add regular fertilizer to your garden. Best of all, gypsum is non-toxic so you can allow your pets to roam your yard right after the gypsum is applied to your garden.

2. Pure gypsum and not a gypsum byproduct can also be used to fertilize plants in your garden. While all plants require calcium to help develop the cell wall and membranes to ensure full plant growth, the sulfur component in gypsum helps create amino acids in a plant that can manufacture proteins in the plants. In a vegetable garden, gypsum is handy here because it encourages the growth and mature development of the vegetables. Farmers know the value of gypsum because the mineral increases crop yields. Plants that love acid soil such as azaleas, rhododendrons, hydrangeas, gardenias, camellias, dogwood trees and magnolia trees will appreciate an application of gypsum as a fertilizer. Pure gypsum itself won't change the pH balance of the soil so it is safe to use as a fertilizer for plants that thrive on acid soil.

3. Gypsum also helps earthworms to increase in your garden soil. These little guys know how to do their job in the ground - they cause the air to circulate through the soil, and to keep the soil aggregated. Once gypsum is applied to the soil surface, earthworms will be more abundant after three years and they will be happy you created this soil liveable just for them. Chances are you will see more earthworms when garden maintenance arises - weeding, planting, and what not. It is perfectly proper to thank the earthworms if you should see some coming up to the surface while you work in your garden.

4. Gypsum can also increase any other soil applications to your garden. This includes fertilizer and lime. Lime is frequently added to boost the pH in acid soils. What gypsum does here is that it increases the time it takes for lime to travel beneath the soil so that the soil absorbs the lime more quickly for plants that require acid. I recommend applying the gypsum to your garden soil before lime is applied. Gypsum can be applied to soil at any time of the year while lime is recommended during the early spring, fall or winter.

5. Gypsum can also be used to create soil that is more tillable. Soils that tend to be barely wet can easily form clumps and make it difficult to remain loose and drainable. The presence of gypsum in soil of this nature can also prevent the soil from becoming compacted once it is dried.

To apply gypsum:

A small fertilizer spreader is the best tool to use for this purpose if you have not yet planted your garden. Depending on how big your garden is, five pounds of gypsum per 125 square feet is suitable for each yearly application. Immediately after the gypsum is applied, water it using a lawn or hose sprinkler. Gypsum is powerful enough to penetrate clay soil on its own and loosen the soil over a three year period. Gypsum, when applied to clay soil, forces sodium ions in the soil apart and make the nutrients in the soil more easily accessible by the plants roots. A colander can be used to spread the gypsum around each plant. As with the pre-garden gypsum application, water after each yearly application. Again, the drawback here is that it will be three years until you can plant flowers like cyclamen, orchids, and many other flowers that require well drained soil.

The pro of using gypsum in your yard is that it is a multi-purpose applicant. There is no need to dig the soil around each plant and mix in the gypsum. It will penetrate the soil in time and provide growth supplements to your flowers and at the same time keep the soil well drained.

Probably the major drawback in using gypsum in your garden is the length of time it takes for the mineral to penetrate the soil and do its job. Three years seems like a long time for gypsum to take effect but keep in mind that it takes time for gypsum to interact with the soil to make it more suitable for plant growth. You can slowly introduce plants that require better soil each subsequent year after the first year's application of gypsum. Below is a list of some plants that can grow in clay soil (with added compost) to moderate clay soil:

Clay soil:

Coneflower
Black-eyed Susans
Daylilies
Heliopsis
Geranium

Moderate clay soil:

Petunias
Snapdragons
Nasturtiums
Bachelor's buttons
Cosmos
Pansies
Verbena

Once your garden has gypsum as part of its diet, the soil will improve, and your plants and flowers will blossom throughout the year.

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We are the biggest and oldest suppliers of Gypsum powder in punjab. Our Gypsum is of highest quality in india. Its is known for its purity in all over the india. The Rajasthani gypsum is vital for the agriculture of punjab. Because it is anti-toxic agent for the toxic affected land.

   The agricultural land affacted from the pesticides and other polluted water generated effects needs the gypsum for recovery.
A Soil Conditioner is a product which is added to soil to improve the soil’s physical qualities, especially its ability to provide nutrition for plants. In general usage the term soil conditioner is often thought of as a subset of the category Soil Amendments which more often is understood to include a wide range of fertilizers and non-organic materials. gypsum powder can be used to improve poor soils, or to rebuild soils which have been damaged by improper management. They can make poor soils more usable, and can be used to maintain soils in peak condition.
Composition

A wide variety of materials have been described as gypsum powder due to their ability to improve soil quality. Some examples include: bone meal, peat, coffee grounds, compost, coir, manure, straw, vermiculite, sulfur, lime, blood meal, compost tea, hydroabsorbant polymers and sphagnum moss.

Many gypsum powder come in the form of certified organic products, for people concerned with maintaining organic crops or organic gardens. gypsum powder of almost every description are readily available from online stores or local nurseries as well as garden supply stores.
Purpose
Soil structure

The most common use of gypsum powder is to improve soil structure. Soils tend to become compacted over time. Soil compaction impedes root growth, decreasing the ability of plants to take up nutrients and water. gypsum powder can add more loft and texture to keep the soil loose.
Soil nutrients.

For centuries man has been adding things to such poor soils to improve their ability to support healthy plant growth. Some of these materials, such as compost, clay and peat, are still used extensively today. Many soil amendments also add nutrients such as carbon and nitrogen, as well as beneficial bacteria. Additional nutrients, such as calcium, magnesium and phosphorus, may be augmented by amendments as well. This enriches the soil and allowing plants to grow bigger and stronger.

During 2010-11,

in western part of Haryana, GSI

carried out reconnaissance stage investigation (G-4)

to assess the potential of gypsum in inter-dunal areas

covered by a sediment.

DMG

, Rajasthan also carried

out exploration in areas around Daboi, Piprali in Barmer

district,

Anandgarh, Rojri, Rawla and Faridsar in Bikaner

& Sri Ganganagar district,

Areas N/V

Hemaguda,

Sangarva, Khirodi, Sewara Lalji ki Dungari, Kalgi ki Beri

& Sutharon ki Dhani in Jalore district
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Adds sulfur

GYPSUM POWDER or calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4 2H2O) is an excellent source of sulfur.

GYPSUM POWDER brand gypsum adds sulfur to the soil and it provides highly available calcium that moves deep into the soil profile, a recognized advantage for no-tillers.
Typical Analysis
Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate
(dry weight basis)
Calcium  17-20 %
Sulfur     13-16 %
Researchers in Wisconsin, Ohio and other Midwestern states are reporting sulfur deficiency is on the rise.  A recent annual summary by the International Plant Nutrition Institute (IPNI) also suggests that soil tests with low sulfur results are becoming more common in the Cornbelt today versus five years ago.
It used to be that soils got plenty of sulfur from the atmosphere. Electrical plants that burned coal released sulfur into the air and every time it rained, nearby farmland was fertilized with free sulfur.  Also, some nitrogen fertilizers contained excess sulfur so fields got a dose of sulfur with those applications.  With the advent of flue gas desulfurization and greener fertilizers, along with the fact that many of today’s crop genetics may have a higher sulfur requirement, sulfur deficiency is more common.
Gypsum, used as a sulfur source, raises yields in a variety of crops including corn, alfalfa, cotton, soybeans and others.
Studies at the Ohio State University have demonstrated a significant corn response to gypsum.  In one particular study, where gypsum supplied sulfur at a rate of 30 lbs/acre, corn yield was increased from 182 to 193 bushels/acre.

Increases water infiltration

Soils will soak up rainwater faster and deeper, even in heavy rains.  Growers often see improved water infiltration - with less ponding and runoff - after just one application of GYPSUM POWDER.

GYPSUM POWDER increases soil permeability to water.  Soils will soak up rainwater faster and deeper, even in heavy rains.  Growers often see improved water infiltration after just one application. Research trials have shown results to support these observations.  A USDA-ARS study measured water infiltration of nearly two inches per hour in a test plot where gypsum was applied versus just a half an inch per hour in a control plot where no gypsum was applied.

Calcium (% Base Saturation)     USDA-ARS  National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory

Improves soil structure

GYPSUM POWDER helps improve soil structure by increasing soil particle aggregation.  With GYPSUM POWDER, soils become softer, more porous and flocculated. 

Improves aggregation, reduces crusting and compaction

GYPSUM POWDER helps improve soil structure by increasing soil particle aggregation.  With GYPSUM POWDER, soils become softer, more porous and flocculated.  The resulting mellow, garden-like soil resists erosion, compaction and crusting.
Air and water percolates through the soil profile easier when soils are well-flocculated.  Because GYPSUM POWDER is water soluble, it works deep into the soil profile so plant roots penetrate downward faster and deeper.  This promotes better plant stands, drought resistance and a healthier crop.
One of the first things GYPSUM POWDER users experience is how much easier equipment pulls through the field.  The soil is looser, yet soft and firm. It is sometimes possible to drive at a higher gear when working the ground.
Growers also notice after applications of GYPSUM POWDER how easy it is to push a soil probe into the profile.  Soil is softer and looser making it easier for the probe to slide into the earth.

Decreases erosion

Erosion is a huge cost to productivity and it can contribute to reduced water quality, malfunction of drainage and hydrological systems.  GYPSUM POWDER decreases soil loss.

Crop growers know they must protect the soil in their fields.  Erosion is a huge cost to productivity and it can contribute to reduced water quality and malfunction of drainage and hydrological systems.  Loss of sediment is the number one source of pollution in water, according to USDA Agricultural Research Service soil scientist Darrell Norton.
Dr. Norton has done extensive evaluations of gypsum’s impact on soil erosion, nutrient runoff, sediment loading, water infiltration and surface cracking.   He found in a series of rainfall simulator experiments that soil loss is reduced by more than 50 percent when gypsum is applied at a rate of one ton per acre. Gypsum prevents soil particles from detaching during rainfall events and being lost in surface water runoff.

Saves nutrients

By decreasing erosion and runoff GYPSUM POWDER also reduces nutrient loss.   Research have also shown gypsum applications are effective in reducing the total soluble phosphorus in topsoil.

Soils that are prone to runoff and erosion are also prone to losing nutrients.  This not only poses a risk to the environment, it has a significant detrimental economic impact to crop producers.  The USDA-ARS has shown that applying gypsum can help reduce total soluble phosphorus in topsoil.

Research in other states such as Wisconsin also suggest that soluble phosphorus levels are reduced with gypsum.

Soluble phosphorus decreased with higher rates of gypsum (0, .5, 1 and 2) in this study conducted in 2010 by the University of Wisconsin (Wolkowski et al.)

Fosters healthy soil biology

By loosening soil and improving water and air movement, GYPSUM POWDER creates a much friendlier, deeper environment for soil organisms - microbes as well as earthworms. 

By loosening soil and improving water and air movement, GYPSUM POWDER creates a much friendlier, deeper environment for soil organisms - microbes as well as earthworms.  These soil organisms break down organic matter and nutrients in the soil.
Healthy soil biology builds humus, often called the “life force” in soils.  It is created by soil biology that is alive and actively at work to decompose and stabilize organic matter. When you see humus present in the soil profile, it is a good indication that soil biology is active and working.
Soil biology also helps builds soil structure by excreting the natural glues called glomulins that continually aggregate and stabilize soils.
Tight soils prevent the soil biology from getting the proper amount of oxygen and moisture they need to break down residue and release nutrients into the soil from the parent material.
Soils are composed primarily of millions of tons of minerals. This bank of reserve nutrition must be converted from stable minerals to mobile nutrients for plant uptake. This is accomplished primarily by biological action breaking down organic residues with acids, which also convert minerals to nutrients. Billions of species of soil biology work together to bring just the right amount of nutrient into the soil profile to support plant growth and maintain the environment.

Expands roots zone

GYPSUM POWDER mitigates the aluminum barrier found in some soils, particularly where there are acid subsoils.

GYPSUM POWDER mitigates the aluminum barrier found in some soils, particularly where there are acid subsoils.  The calcium in GYPSUM POWDER can displace aluminum, a major limiting factor in crop production.  Aluminum tends to build up in acid subsoils at a depth of 12 to 18 inches, creating a barrier to crop roots.
GYPSUM POWDER improves soil particle aggregation and loosens soil which allows water and oxygen to move down into the soil profile. This encourages crop roots to grow deeper and in greater volume. This better allows them to find life-giving nutrition and oxygen throughout the entire growing season.

COMPOSITION

Gypsum is moderately water-soluble (~2.0–2.5 g/l at 25°C) and, in contrast to most other salts, it exhibits a retrograde solubility, becoming less soluble at higher temperatures. When gypsum is heated in air it loses water and converts first to calcium sulfate hemihydrate, (bassanite, often simply called "plaster") and, if heated further, to anhydrous calcium sulfate (anhydrite). As for anhydrite, its solubility in saline solutions and in brines is also strongly dependent on NaCl concentration.

Gypsum crystals are found to contain anion water and hydrogen bonding.
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